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In this video from the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative

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we hear from nine people with different disabilities -

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how they use digital technology,

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the barriers they face with bad designs,

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and how technology works well

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when it is accessible.

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Ade - reporter with limited use of his arms.

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Hello! I’m Ade,

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I’m quadriplegic, which means I have limited movement

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in my arms as well as my legs.

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The technology I use is really important to me.

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I use a lot of keyboard shortcuts,

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especially for the programs that I use often.

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For example, scrolling a page is much easier with the arrow keys on

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the keyboard than by clicking on that button in the scroll bar.

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Unfortunately, many websites and apps

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don’t work well with my keyboard.

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Often what has focus is not clear

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or it jumps around completely out of order.

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Sometimes that doesn’t work well because some websites

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and apps don’t work in landscape orientation,

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which is how I setup my tablet so that the

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buttons are big enough for me to click.

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While I can use a keyboard and joystick,

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I can’t use them for long periods because it’s tiring.

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So, I recently started using speech control software as well.

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It allows me to dictate text instead of typing,

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and to say certain commands instead of clicking.

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It’s really hard to learn a new way of working after so many years

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but I’ve been patient with it and I’m slowly getting used to it.

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The most difficult thing is buttons without labels.

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It is not clear which voice commands will activate them.

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You can help make technology accessible to me.

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Accessibility: It’s about people.

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Ian - data scientist with autism.

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Hello! I’m Ian.

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I’m autistic.

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I work for a software company three bus stops from my home.

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I’m a data scientist. I enjoy my work very much. 

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Others find this work difficult because it’s quite technical

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but for me, it’s really easy.

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Except when something changes

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and I don’t have enough time to figure out what changed.

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Like, when I was trying to get to an online meeting

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and found that the buttons on the app changed.

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It was very stressful because

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I was worried about being late to the meeting.

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Apps that ask for permission before updating

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allow me to find a suitable time and adjust to the changes.

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Sometimes I press the wrong thing and everything just changes

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and I don’t know how to go back. 

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It makes me feel like I just can’t cope.

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I am trying to work, but I just can’t and I start to panic,

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and then I can’t even talk anymore.

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It’s very important to me when I can roll back and undo changes

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that I didn’t intend or expect to happen.

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It’s also really frustrating when I have to stop work

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because of an error message that doesn’t tell me what the error is.

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Error messages that just say “input error” are so useless.

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Often it’s something really simple,

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like I didn’t use the right format for the date.

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Why doesn’t it say that?

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I love to cook when I’m not working.

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My friends love to eat what I cook because I find the best recipes!

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Some cooking websites and apps are easy to use.

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My favorite recipe sites list the exact ingredients

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and have step-by-step instructions.

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It’s easy to find the recipes using the tags and to follow them.

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Unfortunately, I can’t use some recipe sites

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even though they have recipes I really want to try.

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Especially the ones where all sorts of videos start playing

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and pop-up windows appear without me pressing anything.

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I didn’t ask for this!

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These are overwhelming and aren’t the recipe.

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All I want is the recipe!

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Or some sites use meaningless words and phrases

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and don’t even bother explaining them.

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I mean - what is a scant cup of brown sugar?

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”Scant” could mean so many different things.

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Instead of “scant” just say what you mean.

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Like a cooking cup filled just below the top

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or not quite a full cup.

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That would be easier to understand for everyone.

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You can help make technology accessible to me.

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Accessibility: It’s about people.

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Lexie, online shopper who cannot distinguish between colors 
(color blindness).

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Hello! I’m Lexie.

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I was born with deuteranopia and protanopia,

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which people often call “color blindness”.

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I have difficulty distinguishing between

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red, green, orange, and brown,

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all of which appear to me as kind of murky brown.

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In a store, I often can’t tell the color of

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two shoes or two shirts beside each other.

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I love online shopping

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because it’s often easier for me

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when they use the names of the colors

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in addition to showing the colors.

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Unfortunately,

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not all online shops have an accessible checkout experience for me.

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Often the sign-up or checkout form says “fields in red are required”.

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Most times I can’t tell which fields are required

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when they use color only.

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Good shops either have the word “required”

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or that little star beside the fields,

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or even better put the word “optional” beside the ones I can skip.

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Not relying on color alone is important for other websites

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and apps too!

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For example, my favorite fantasy football app

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has a symbol for each team

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on the jersey of the players, in addition to color.

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This helps me spot the players on my team more quickly,

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not just by reading the names under each player.

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Color issues also happen at work.

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For example, when my colleagues highlight words in a document

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without using the commenting function.

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The commenting function outlines the marked text

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in addition to highlighting it.

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Another example is when charts don’t have symbols

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as well as the colors for lines and bars.

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I can’t identify them from color alone.

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My team is usually careful about this

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but sometimes the suppliers we work with aren’t.

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You can help make technology accessible to me.

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Accessibility: It’s about people.

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Sophie - basketball fan with Down syndrome.

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Hello, I'm Sophie.

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I have Down syndrome.

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I love basketball!

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And I played on my school team,

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and now I work in a stadium.

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At work, we use an app for our team.

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It has a calendar

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with all our practices and games.

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My job is to record scores and stuff like that.

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I can also use it to chat with the coach

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and with the players,

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and we use it to exchange photos and jokes too.

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[chuckles]

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Sometimes, I take longer to read things

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but this app is really easy to use.

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The event or name of the player is at the top,

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so I know where I am in the app.

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The calendar is also very clear.

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It shows the name of the month

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or the number of the week at the top too.

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Other apps we tried are too confusing -

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I could never tell where I am and how to get back.

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The biggest problem is buying tickets for games.

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I try to use this app for buying

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but sometimes

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I have to use other apps to get tickets.

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Some of these apps are too hard.

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When I click on something

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it goes somewhere else

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or opens another page.

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Or, it doesn't have that blue box at the top

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so I don't know where I am

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and how to get back.

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Sometimes it takes too long,

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I have to start all over again.

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It's a real pain.

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I wish buying tickets could be easier.

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My dream is to become a senior assistant.

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I know I can do it.

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Sometimes it's hard

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for me to write long things,

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but I use the spell-checker every time.

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It helps me when coaches use

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words I already know.

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Otherwise, it takes me even

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longer to find the words

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in the dictionary.

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You can help make technology accessible to me.

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Accessibility: It’s about people.

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Dhruv - older adult student who is deaf.

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Hello! My name is D-H-R-U-V, Dhruv. I’m Deaf.

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I can hear some sounds but not enough to understand speech.

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I sign British Sign Language. I think and dream in signs.

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I recently enrolled in an online degree.

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For my classes I schedule can interpreters who interpret 

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the lectures and conversations, and voice for me.

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I need video conferencing apps with functionality to “pin” videos

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of the interpreters so that I can always see them.

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Some lectures have realtime captioning typed by human captioners.

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This is more accurate than automatic captions, which often

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don’t recognize specialized terms in the lectures.

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For our assigned videos, I rely on good captions.

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These are edited so that each sentence appearing on the screen

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is not too long and is synchronized with the audio.

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I also often find myself needing to adjust the text size and colors of

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the captions, to be able to read them better. Some apps also allow

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me to move the captions to the top or bottom of the video,

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so that they are not in the way.

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In some situations, I find myself lip reading.

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For example, when I’m on unplanned calls without interpreters

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or other people who can sign.

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I learned lip reading over the years because of such 

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situations but it’s not always reliable for me.

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I need to see the person’s mouth, have them speak clearly,

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and seeing their gestures also helps. Yet it’s exhausting

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and not really something I can keep doing for too long.

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I also use the chat function.

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Some chat tools support realtime text

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rather than line-by-line text messages.

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This is much more interactive, and I can engage with my friends in

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 text conversations as others do by voice.

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Of course, the classes also come with a lot of reading.

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I’m fine with that, except when the writing is unnecessarily

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complex and without structure like lists and headings.

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People don’t realize that for me reading text involves extra effort,

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because sign language is my native language.

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So, like for everyone else, clear and simple writing makes

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text easier to understand.

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You can help make technology accessible to me.

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Accessibility: It’s about people.

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Marta - a marketing assistant who is Deaf and blind.

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Hi!

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I'm Marta,

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a marketing assistant at my school for the Deaf.

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I'm Deaf-blind.

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I was born Deaf

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and have progressive vision loss,

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which means I can still see things

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if they're large and up-close

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but I see less and less each year.

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As a Deaf child,

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I learned sign language early on.

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This is why technology

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is so important to me-

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it allows me to communicate with more people.

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At home,

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I have a computer

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that can enlarge my documents up to 20 times.

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I have a big screen

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but can still only see a very small portion of the screen,

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and an even smaller portion of the documents

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because it's like looking through a magnification lens.

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I can find my way around documents

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with headings and sections that look different.

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For example, this briefing sheet uses

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a color for the headings

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that is different from the main content,

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which makes it easier for me to recognize them.

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Oh, and I'm learning to use braille too.

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Braille are those dots that you read

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with your fingers,

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and I have this really cool device

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called a “refreshable braille display” -

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it's a small device

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that I can take with me everywhere,

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unlike my computer.

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It has apps for email, web and chat,

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and some have a special keyboard

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for typing in braille.

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I read the braille characters

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in a row on the device,

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which I'm slowly getting used to.

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It's always difficult to learn to use something new at first

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but I'm getting better at reading and typing braille.

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But not all websites and apps work well with magnification

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or on my braille display.

263
00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:41,560
Like when I need to look up the bus schedule

264
00:13:41,560 --> 00:13:43,240
to meet up with my friends -

265
00:13:44,440 --> 00:13:47,520
that table doesn't work well when I enlarge it on my phone.

266
00:13:47,520 --> 00:13:49,880
And forget about trying to read it in braille.

267
00:13:49,880 --> 00:13:51,960
I can't tell what row or column I'm in

268
00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:54,000
and it just jumps all over the place!

269
00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:55,240
It makes me nervous

270
00:13:55,240 --> 00:13:57,120
because I can't as easily ask for help

271
00:13:57,120 --> 00:13:59,160
from people around me while I'm out,

272
00:13:59,160 --> 00:14:00,840
so I've been learning how to speak up

273
00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:03,920
and ask companies for more accessible websites and apps

274
00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:06,720
 to help me stay independent.

275
00:14:07,400 --> 00:14:09,640
You can help

276
00:14:10,600 --> 00:14:13,480
make technology

277
00:14:14,080 --> 00:14:15,480
accessible

278
00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:16,760
to me.

279
00:14:19,520 --> 00:14:22,560
Accessibility: It's about people. 

280
00:14:24,840 --> 00:14:30,240
Stefan - Student with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia.

281
00:14:31,880 --> 00:14:33,480
Hello, I'm Stefan.

282
00:14:33,480 --> 00:14:37,840
I have dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,

283
00:14:37,840 --> 00:14:39,520
ADHD.

284
00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:44,440
I have difficulty recognizing
or sounding out written words,

285
00:14:44,440 --> 00:14:49,280
even though I use those same words
in conversation all the time.

286
00:14:49,280 --> 00:14:52,920
It affects my spelling
and my reading comprehension.

287
00:14:52,920 --> 00:14:57,200
It often takes me a long time to figure
out the individual words I'm reading,

288
00:14:57,200 --> 00:14:58,640
and then it's hard for me to remember 

289
00:14:58,640 --> 00:15:03,000
how the words in a sentence
fit together in a meaningful way.

290
00:15:04,280 --> 00:15:06,960
Digital books and documents
are often much better for me.

291
00:15:06,960 --> 00:15:12,120
On the computer, on a tablet,
or - my favorite - on my new e-reader.

292
00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:16,200
I can change the font type,
text size and line spacing,

293
00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:18,800
which makes it easier for me to read.

294
00:15:18,800 --> 00:15:22,240
I also use the read aloud function
because I read better

295
00:15:22,320 --> 00:15:25,160
when I can see
and hear the text at the same time.

296
00:15:26,360 --> 00:15:29,720
It also
highlights the words being read aloud

297
00:15:29,720 --> 00:15:33,800
and has a reading ruler,
so that I can follow along more easily.

298
00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:38,040
Sometimes, though, digital books and
documents don't work well.

299
00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:41,600
Sometimes they are just scanned images.

300
00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:45,400
These also can't be read aloud
and I can't change the text size and font.

301
00:15:46,120 --> 00:15:50,120
Some don't have bookmarks, which I use
to jump to the parts I want to focus on.

302
00:15:50,680 --> 00:15:54,040
Or, there are long chunks of text
without any headings,

303
00:15:54,640 --> 00:15:57,160
so I have difficulty
focusing on the content.

304
00:15:57,600 --> 00:16:00,280
It's so much easier
when text has more spacing

305
00:16:00,280 --> 00:16:02,640
and graphics
to make them easier to follow.

306
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:07,120
Another problem is when I have to do
online research,

307
00:16:07,600 --> 00:16:11,280
I type in words, but sometimes
I do it wrong or use a different word

308
00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:15,640
that sounds the same, like “brake”
when I mean “break”.

309
00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:18,880
Sometimes I land on websites
with all these ads and things

310
00:16:18,880 --> 00:16:21,040
popping up and moving around the screen.

311
00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:25,400
With ADHD, I get distracted
by these ads and videos,

312
00:16:25,400 --> 00:16:28,520
and sometimes I click on them
and I forget what I was meant to be doing.

313
00:16:29,080 --> 00:16:32,200
I use several pop-up blockers,
but they don't always work.

314
00:16:32,440 --> 00:16:34,480
When I find an article I want to read,

315
00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:37,560
I try to remember to switch
to reading mode in my browser.

316
00:16:38,160 --> 00:16:42,520
This usually removes all the stuff around
the page and lets me focus on the text.

317
00:16:42,880 --> 00:16:46,000
But some websites don't work
well and the ads still appear,

318
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,280
or the text is too difficult
for me to read.

319
00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:52,360
I love it when websites work well
with my settings and extensions.

320
00:16:52,680 --> 00:16:55,080
Like, the extension
for spelling and grammar,

321
00:16:55,080 --> 00:16:58,080
which helps me when I'm typing
things like emails.

322
00:16:58,080 --> 00:17:00,480
That's very important for me.

323
00:17:00,480 --> 00:17:04,520
You can help make
technology accessible to me.

324
00:17:04,760 --> 00:17:08,080
Accessibility: It’s about people.

325
00:17:10,560 --> 00:17:15,960
Elias - retiree with low vision, hand tremor, and mild short-term memory loss. 

326
00:17:17,480 --> 00:17:21,000
Hello! I’m Elias.

327
00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:23,800
I’m a retired architect.

328
00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:27,840
Life moves slower now that I’m retired,

329
00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:33,280
and I think my body does too [laughs]!

330
00:17:34,960 --> 00:17:36,200
I see less

331
00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:38,360
and hear less than in my younger days.

332
00:17:38,720 --> 00:17:40,800
Also, my hands shake a little.

333
00:17:41,160 --> 00:17:45,160
My children live far away,
so we see each other online instead.

334
00:17:45,800 --> 00:17:48,080
We also write to each other
and send pictures.

335
00:17:48,800 --> 00:17:52,360
It’s so much easier and quicker
than going to the post office

336
00:17:52,360 --> 00:17:53,800
every time

337
00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:54,840
[chuckles].

338
00:17:54,840 --> 00:18:00,440
My trouble is all this small text!
Why do they write so small?

339
00:18:00,440 --> 00:18:05,800
I know how to make the text size bigger
but it doesn’t work with all websites.

340
00:18:05,800 --> 00:18:09,480
Sometimes everything seems to break down
– the text

341
00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:12,880
overlaps or goes somewhere else
or disappears completely.

342
00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:19,560
Or, I have to scroll sideways to read –
I don’t have the time and energy for that.

343
00:18:21,080 --> 00:18:26,680
It’s the same with apps.
I made the text bigger on my mobile phone.

344
00:18:26,680 --> 00:18:29,440
I can’t see without doing that
on such a small screen.

345
00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:33,520
Most apps work
well but not the banking app.

346
00:18:34,040 --> 00:18:36,520
The text on that app is still small,

347
00:18:36,880 --> 00:18:39,560
and I need to use it
to log into my bank account.

348
00:18:39,560 --> 00:18:41,080
I already called them

349
00:18:41,080 --> 00:18:45,360
several times about this
but nothing happens.

350
00:18:45,360 --> 00:18:48,120
It’s not only reading, though.

351
00:18:48,120 --> 00:18:52,960
When the text is small,
all the buttons and links are also small.

352
00:18:52,960 --> 00:18:55,880
Sometimes tiny. Especially on forms,

353
00:18:55,880 --> 00:18:58,600
where you have to click and select
all these things -

354
00:18:59,080 --> 00:19:01,080
it’s hard with my hands,

355
00:19:01,080 --> 00:19:03,760
they don’t behave like they used to.

356
00:19:04,360 --> 00:19:09,200
Our grocery store
now has an online shop, which is fantastic

357
00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:12,320
because I don’t have to carry
all the shopping any more.

358
00:19:12,320 --> 00:19:16,040
The text is big
and it has big links and buttons.

359
00:19:16,040 --> 00:19:19,240
It just seems clearer
and easier to find things – 

360
00:19:19,240 --> 00:19:23,200
everything is where it should be on
every page.

361
00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:25,960
Usually,
I have trouble remembering things,

362
00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:30,160
like the telephone number,
address, and credit card details.

363
00:19:30,160 --> 00:19:35,920
This store remembers from before,
so I only need to select the right address

364
00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:39,760
in the text field
rather than needing to type it each time.

365
00:19:40,120 --> 00:19:42,800
I wish all websites could be that easy.

366
00:19:43,320 --> 00:19:47,640
You can help make technology
accessible to me.

367
00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:50,480
Accessibility: It's about people.

368
00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:53,600
For more information from the Web Accessibility Initiative

369
00:19:53,600 --> 00:19:56,720
on how people with Disabilities use Digital Technology

370
00:19:56,720 --> 00:20:00,720
visit w3.org/WAI/people