1
00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,160
How People with Disabilities Use Digital Technology.

2
00:00:05,080 --> 00:00:07,440
Presentation: distinguishing

3
00:00:07,600 --> 00:00:09,160
and understanding.

4
00:00:11,520 --> 00:00:13,080
When content is accessible,

5
00:00:13,080 --> 00:00:15,720
people can adjust its presentation to make it easier

6
00:00:15,720 --> 00:00:17,520
to distinguish and understand.

7
00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:18,960
This could include adjusting

8
00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:20,160
screen size and color

9
00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:21,280
to see better,

10
00:00:21,280 --> 00:00:22,560
adjusting audio volume

11
00:00:22,560 --> 00:00:24,360
to hear better, or adjusting

12
00:00:24,360 --> 00:00:27,440
how text is presented to read it better.

13
00:00:29,120 --> 00:00:30,480
Some people with low vision

14
00:00:30,480 --> 00:00:31,560
increased the text size

15
00:00:31,560 --> 00:00:33,320
to make it easier to read.

16
00:00:33,320 --> 00:00:34,520
They might adjust properties

17
00:00:34,520 --> 00:00:36,720
in the web browser or operating system,

18
00:00:36,720 --> 00:00:37,680
such as increasing

19
00:00:37,680 --> 00:00:38,920
the default text size,

20
00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:40,040
font type, and line

21
00:00:40,040 --> 00:00:42,040
spacing to better see the text.

22
00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:44,480
Websites and apps that are programmed

23
00:00:44,480 --> 00:00:46,480
and designed to adapt to these properties,

24
00:00:46,480 --> 00:00:48,240
allow people to use the content

25
00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:49,840
without the text overlapping,

26
00:00:49,840 --> 00:00:50,920
getting cropped,

27
00:00:50,920 --> 00:00:52,280
or requiring them to scroll

28
00:00:52,280 --> 00:00:55,000
both vertically and horizontally.

29
00:00:56,520 --> 00:00:57,880
Other people with low vision

30
00:00:57,880 --> 00:00:59,520
increase everything on the screen,

31
00:00:59,520 --> 00:01:01,080
not only text.

32
00:01:01,080 --> 00:01:03,440
They might use screen magnification software

33
00:01:03,440 --> 00:01:05,600
as a digital magnifying glass.

34
00:01:05,600 --> 00:01:07,400
Some might also change the text

35
00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:08,400
and background colors

36
00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:09,880
to better read the text

37
00:01:09,880 --> 00:01:11,160
and text-to-speech

38
00:01:11,160 --> 00:01:13,960
to hear the text while they're reading.

39
00:01:13,960 --> 00:01:15,480
This means that websites and apps

40
00:01:15,480 --> 00:01:17,040
need to be programmed and designed

41
00:01:17,040 --> 00:01:19,200
to allow people to change the colors

42
00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:20,360
rather than forcing them

43
00:01:20,360 --> 00:01:22,520
to appear in a certain way.

44
00:01:23,800 --> 00:01:26,000
Presentation is not only visual.

45
00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:28,560
People with auditory disabilities, for example,

46
00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:29,560
might need to increase

47
00:01:29,560 --> 00:01:31,080
the volume of online meetings

48
00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:32,840
and multimedia like videos,

49
00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:34,320
podcasts and music,

50
00:01:34,320 --> 00:01:36,120
without increasing the volume of other

51
00:01:36,120 --> 00:01:39,040
system sounds like notification alerts.

52
00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:40,240
Adjusting the bass,

53
00:01:40,240 --> 00:01:41,960
treble and balance of the sound

54
00:01:41,960 --> 00:01:43,960
can make the audio easier to hear,

55
00:01:43,960 --> 00:01:46,280
so operating systems and media players

56
00:01:46,280 --> 00:01:48,040
need to provide these settings.

57
00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:49,480
Also, these settings work

58
00:01:49,480 --> 00:01:51,000
better with high quality audio

59
00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:53,040
that does not have background noise.

60
00:01:54,440 --> 00:01:55,720
Presentation adjustments

61
00:01:55,720 --> 00:01:57,200
can also make content easier

62
00:01:57,200 --> 00:01:58,360
to focus on,

63
00:01:58,360 --> 00:01:59,400
particularly for people

64
00:01:59,400 --> 00:02:00,960
with different types of cognitive

65
00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:02,560
and learning disabilities.

66
00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:04,120
This includes “reading modes”

67
00:02:04,120 --> 00:02:06,400
that hide less relevant parts of the content,

68
00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:08,560
such as sidebars and front matter;

69
00:02:08,560 --> 00:02:10,000
pop up and animation blockers

70
00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:11,280
that help avoid distraction

71
00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:12,400
and interruption;

72
00:02:12,400 --> 00:02:14,000
and digital reading rules

73
00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:14,800
that help readers

74
00:02:14,800 --> 00:02:17,280
focus on one line at a time.

75
00:02:18,480 --> 00:02:19,880
Some reading assistants,

76
00:02:19,880 --> 00:02:20,920
for example, those that 

77
00:02:20,920 --> 00:02:22,840
some people with dyslexia might use

78
00:02:22,840 --> 00:02:24,480
adjust how the text is presented

79
00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:26,440
to make it easier to read.

80
00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:28,160
This includes changing the font type,

81
00:02:28,160 --> 00:02:29,960
text size, colors

82
00:02:29,960 --> 00:02:31,680
and the spacing between letters,

83
00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:33,720
sentences and paragraphs.

84
00:02:33,720 --> 00:02:36,200
Some people read better with serif-type fonts

85
00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:38,240
and others with sensory fonts.

86
00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:40,320
Adjusting these properties are individual

87
00:02:40,320 --> 00:02:41,880
from one person to another,

88
00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:42,960
which is why flexible

89
00:02:42,960 --> 00:02:45,120
design is so important.

90
00:02:46,640 --> 00:02:47,760
Other reading assistants

91
00:02:47,760 --> 00:02:49,320
support comprehension.

92
00:02:49,320 --> 00:02:50,680
Some can process a text

93
00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:52,560
to simplify words and phrases,

94
00:02:52,560 --> 00:02:54,200
and sometimes also simplify

95
00:02:54,200 --> 00:02:55,880
complex sentences.

96
00:02:55,880 --> 00:02:57,240
These tools rely on proper

97
00:02:57,240 --> 00:03:00,240
programming and design to work.

98
00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:04,680
You can help make technology accessible to me.

99
00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:08,280
Accessibility: It’s about people.

100
00:03:09,200 --> 00:03:11,720
For more information from the Web Accessibility Initiative

101
00:03:11,720 --> 00:03:15,200
on how people with Disabilities use Digital Technology,

102
00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:18,880
 visit w3.org/WAI/people