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How People
with Disabilities use Digital Technology.

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Cognitive and Learning Disabilities.

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Cognitive and learning disabilities

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affect how people process, understand
and remember information.

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They cover a wide range
of cognitive differences and disabilities,

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and many of them do not affect
overall intelligence.

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For example, many people have varying
degrees of dyslexia.

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Dyslexia affects the ability to recognise
and sound out written words

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which impact
spelling and reading comprehension.

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Websites and apps with sufficient white
space and headings to separate the content

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make it easier for people to read.

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Clear navigation with distinct section headers

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also make it easier for people to navigate
through the content.

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Websites and apps
also need to work with reading tools,

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including tools
that adjust how the text is presented,

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read the text aloud,
and help with spelling and grammar.

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Similarly, some people have varying degrees
of dyscalculia.

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Dyscalculia affects the ability to process

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and work with numbers
in mathematical concepts.

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Websites and apps
that provide alternatives to

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mathematical abstractions, are easier to use
for people with dyscalculia.

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This could include showing a progress bar
instead of or

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in addition to showing a percentage.

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Websites
and apps can also provide visual aids

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and text descriptions for things
like schedules and temperatures.

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People have varying degrees of memory

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abilities,
including short-term and working memory.

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Reduced short-term memory effects,
the ability to remember new things

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such as passwords or where in a process
someone might be,

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especially in stressful situations.

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Websites and apps with clear navigation
and layout, prominent

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and unique page titles
and distinct instructions and cues

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can make it easier for people
to remember where they are in the content.

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Websites and apps can also help people
remember information

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they have previously added,
such as addresses and telephone numbers.

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People might have different
levels of attention and focus.

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This includes people with attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD,

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brain trauma, age
related forgetfulness and dementia.

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These cognitive differences affect
the ability to focus and to resume a task

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after the user is distracted.

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In addition to

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breaking up longer passages of text
and using headings, websites and apps

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without pop up windows and automatically
playing videos, sounds or animations

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make it easier for people to focus
and follow the content.

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Some people experience difficulty
orienting themselves

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in layouts and visual designs
that are new to them.

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It may also be difficult for them

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to learn new keystrokes or gestures
needed for interaction.

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Websites and apps with consistent
and predictable designs

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and with clear and distinct instructions
make it easier

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for people to know where they are
and complete tasks.

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You can help make technology accessible.

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To me.

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Accessibility.

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It's about people.

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For more information

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from the Web Accessibility Initiative

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on How People with Disabilities

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Use Digital Technology, visit

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w3.org/WAI/people